Malupu ndi gawo lofunikira pamapulogalamu aliwonse kapena chilankhulo. Kukhala ndi luso logwira ntchito kangapo ndikofunikira pachilankhulo chilichonse.
Mu Python, kutsekedwa kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito for
ndi while
malupu ndipo m'nkhaniyi tikuwona momwe tingawagwiritsire ntchito ndi zitsanzo.
Zolemba for
kuzungulira mu python kungagwiritsidwe ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Njira yosavuta komanso yodziwika bwino yoti iterate pa chopereka.
for i in collection:
statement
Zosonkhanitsazo zitha kukhala mndandanda, kukhazikitsidwa, kuchuluka, ndi zina zambiri i ndizosintha zomwe zimatengera kufunikira kwa chinthu chomwe chikuyendetsedwa.
my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] for i in my_list:
print('Value is:', i)
Kutulutsa:
Value is 1 Value is 2 Value is 3 Value is 4 Value is 5
Mutha kuwona momwe mndandanda umayendetsedwera kuyambira koyambira mpaka kumapeto.
Njira zosiyanasiyana mu python zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magawo kuyambira pakati pamalire. Tiyerekeze kuti mulibe mndandanda koma mukufuna kuti mutsegule china chake kangapo. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito range()
njira.
for i in range(5):
print(i)
Kutulutsa:
0 1 2 3 4
Zindikirani:malingalirowa achokera 0 mpaka 4, osati 0 mpaka 5.Zolemba range()
ntchito imabweretsanso manambala motsatizana, kuyambira pa 0 mwachisawawa, ndikuwonjezeredwa ndi 1 (mwachisawawa), ndikutha pa nambala yomwe yatchulidwa.
Ngati tikufuna kukhala ndi phindu loyambira mosiyana ndi phindu losiyana, timagwiritsa ntchito:
for i in range(10, 30, 5): print(x)
Kutulutsa:
10 15 20 25
Pachitsanzo pamwambapa, timayamba kuyambira 10, timatha pa 25 ndipo timakulitsa ndi 5.
Zolemba else
mawu ofunikira mu for
kuzungulira kumatanthawuza kuti code yomwe ikuyenera kuchitidwa malowo atatha.
for i in range(6): print(i) else: print('Finished looping.')
Kutulutsa:
0 1 2 3 4 5 Finished looping.
Zindikirani:Mu if
mawu, china chipika chimangogwira pokhapokha ngati vutoli ndi labodza, koma | for
kuzungulira, else
block imachitidwa nthawi zonse.Titha kukhala ndi for
kuzungulira mkati mwina for
kuzungulira. Izi zimatchedwa malo okhala.
'Mzere wamkati' udzachitidwa nthawi imodzi kuti iwonetsedwe 'kunja'.
Chitsanzo:
numbers = [1, 2, 3] chars = ['a', 'b', 'c'] for i in numbers: for y in chars:
print(x, y)
Kutulutsa:
1 a 1 b 1 c 2 a 2 b 2 c 3 a 3 b 3 c
Zolemba while
kuzungulira kumapereka mawu angapo malinga ngati mkhalidwewo uli wowona.
Mwachitsanzo:
i = 1 while i < 5:
print('Hello world')
i = i + 1
Zindikirani:tikufunika kukulitsa mtengo wa i, apo ayi malupu azichita kwamuyaya.Mawu ena mkati mwa while
kuzungulira kumagwira kamodzi pomwe vutoli silowona.
Mwachitsanzo:
i = 1 while i < 5:
print('Hello world')
i = i + 1 else:
print('The execution has ended')
Kutulutsa:
Hello world Hello world Hello world Hello world The execution has ended
Mawu omasulirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mukufuna kuswa nthawi ina.
Mu chitsanzo chotsatira, tikufuna kuyimitsa kuzungulira tikakumana ndi 'c':
my_list = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'] for i in my_list:
print(i)
if i == 'c':
print(''c' encountered. Breaking the loop')
break
Kutulutsa:
a b c 'c' encountered. Breaking the loop
Mawu opitilirabe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kudumpha mawu ndikupitilira ndi kuzungulira kwina kulikonse.
Mu chitsanzo chili pansipa, tikufuna kupitiliza ndi kuzungulira tikakumana ndi 'c':
my_list = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'] for i in my_list:
if i == 'c':
continue
print(i)
Kutulutsa:
a b d e
Dziwani kuti 'c' sikusindikizidwa. Chingwecho chimapitilizabe kusindikiza 'd' ndi 'e'.
for
ndi while
malupu amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesererafor
kuzungulira mu python kungagwiritsidwenso ntchito ndi range()
njira. Mutha kupereka malire otsika ndi apamwamba kapena malire okhawo. Pachifukwa chachiwiri, 0 adzaganiziridwa ngati malire ochepafor
tambani pamene mukudziwa kuti malowo ayenera kugwira kangatiwhile
kuzungulira kumakhala ndi vuto ndipo kumathamanga mpaka vutoli ndi labodzawhile
kuzungulira nthawi zonse kumakhala ndi njira yothetsera vutoli kapena kutambasula kwake kudzakhala kwamuyayaelse
block itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi for
ndi while
kuzungulira. Nthawi zonse amaphedwa.break
mawu osakira amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthetsa kuphedwa kumeneku. Palibenso kukonzanso komwe kudzachitike ngati mawu achinsinsi atakumana.continue
liwu losakira limadumphadumpha pakadali pano ndikulumphira molunjika ku chiwonetsero chotsatira.