Zolemba pamapazi zimatanthawuza njira yosonkhanitsira zidziwitso za chandamale. Ndi gawo loyamba lachiwopsezo chomwe woukirayo amayesa kuphunzira momwe angathere za chandamale kuti apeze njira yolowera m'dongosolo.
Pali mitundu iwiri yosindikiza:
Kupondaponda chabe kumatanthauza kusonkhanitsa zidziwitso popanda kulumikizana ndi chandamale mwachindunji. Mapazi amtunduwu amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kusonkhanitsa uthenga sikuyenera kuzindikiridwa ndi chandamale.
Kuponda mwakhama kumatanthauza kusonkhanitsa zidziwitso mwakulumikizana ndi chandamale mwachindunji. Ndi mtundu uwu wa kupondapo pali mwayi kuti chandamale chizindikire za kusonkhanitsa zomwe zikupezekazi.
Omenyerawo amagwiritsa ntchito zotsalira kuti adziwe izi:
Zolinga zakujambula ndi:
Phunzirani momwe mungakhalire otetezeka Sankhani momwe chandamale chakhalira chitetezo, pezani njira, ndikupanga dongosolo lakuukira.
Dziwani malo oyang'ana Pogwiritsa ntchito zida ndi maluso osiyanasiyana, chepetsani ma adilesi osiyanasiyana a IP.
Pezani zofooka Gwiritsani ntchito zomwe mwapeza kuti mupeze zofooka pachitetezo cha chandamale.
Mapu a netiweki Zithunzi zojambulidwa pa intaneti ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito ngati chitsogozo pakuwukira.
Pali zida zambiri komanso zinthu zapaintaneti zomwe tingagwiritse ntchito kuti tipeze zambiri pazomwe tikufuna.
Makina osakira atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti achotse zambiri zamabungwe omwe akuwunikira. Zotsatira zakusaka zitha kukhala ndi zambiri zokhudzana ndi ogwira nawo ntchito omwe akukhudzidwa, intranet, masamba olowera, ndi zina zomwe zitha kukhala zothandiza kwa omwe akuukira.
Njira imodzi yosonkhanitsira zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito makina osakira ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira za Google zodula.
Kubera Google ndi njira yomwe owukira amagwiritsa ntchito posaka zovuta ndikutulutsa zofunikira pakulimbana nawo. Zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito gulu la omwe amafufuza ndikusaka mafunso ovuta. Mapulogalamu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakubera kwa Google amatchedwa dorks.
Whois amatanthauza pulogalamu yamafunso ndi yankho yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupezako zambiri zazomwe zapatsidwa pa intaneti.
Masamba a Whois amakhala ndi zambiri za eni ake a domain ndipo amasungidwa ndi Regional Internet Registries.
Pali mitundu iwiri yamitundu yazomwe zilipo:
Wandiwerengedwe yemwe ali ndi zidziwitso zonse kuchokera kwa olembetsa onse pazomwe zanenedwa. Wopanda yemwe amakhala ndi chidziwitso chochepa chazomwe zanenedwa.
Zotsatira za mafunso a Whois zimaphatikizapo:
Regional Internet Registries, yomwe imasunga ma database, ndi awa:
IP geolocation imathandizira kupeza zambiri zamalo okhudzana ndi chandamale monga dziko, mzinda, khodi ya positi, ISP, ndi zina zambiri. Ndi izi, onyoza amatha kuchita zachiwawa pazomwe akufuna.
Zoyala za DNS zimatanthawuza kusonkhanitsa zambiri zamtundu wa DNS zone, zomwe zimaphatikizapo zambiri za omwe ali ndi ma netiweki.
Zida zofunsa mafunso za DNS zimathandiza omenyera kuti azitha kupondaponda DNS. Pogwiritsa ntchito zida izi, owukira amatha kupeza zambiri zamitundu yamaseva ndi komwe amakhala.
Zolemba pa imelo zimatanthauza kusonkhanitsa zambiri kuchokera maimelo poyang'anira kutumizidwa kwa imelo ndikuwunika pamutu.
Zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa kudzera mumaimelo zimaphatikizapo:
Mutu wa imelo uli ndi zambiri zokhudza wotumiza, womvera, ndi wolandila. Zonsezi ndizofunikira kwa owononga pamene akukonzekera kuwukira chandamale chawo.
Zambiri zomwe zili pamitu ya imelo ndi izi:
Ndikothekanso kutsatira maimelo pogwiritsa ntchito zida zosiyanasiyana zofufuzira. Zida zofufuzira maimelo zimatha kutsatira maimelo ndikuwunika mitu yawo kuti atulutse zidziwitso zofunikira. Wotumayo amadziwitsidwa za imelo yomwe ikubwera ndikutsegulidwa ndi wolandirayo.
Zolemba patsamba la webusayiti ndi njira yomwe chidziwitso chazomwe zimapezedwazo chimasonkhanitsidwa poyang'anira tsamba la webusayitiyo. Osewera amatha kulemba tsamba lonse la webusayitiyo osazindikira.
Zolemba patsamba lawebusayiti zimapereka chidziwitso chokhudza:
Pofufuza pamutu wa tsambalo, ndizotheka kuti mudziwe zambiri pamitu yotsatirayi:
Njira zina zopezera zambiri kudzera mu HTML Source Code ndikuwunika ma cookie. Pofufuza kachidindo ka HTML, ndizotheka kupeza zambiri kuchokera mu ndemanga zomwe zili mu code, komanso kuti mumvetsetse momwe mafayilowa alili poyang'ana maulalo ndi ma tag.
Ma cookie nawonso atha kuwulula zofunikira pa pulogalamu yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa seva ndi machitidwe ake. Komanso, poyang'ana magawo, ndizotheka kuzindikira nsanja zolembera.
Pali mapulogalamu omwe adapangidwa kuti athandizire kusindikiza patsamba lanu. Mapulogalamuwa amatchedwa akangaude a pawebusayiti ndipo amayang'ana tsamba la webusayiti posaka chidziwitso. Zambiri zomwe zatoleredwa motere zitha kuthandiza omwe akuukira kuti awononge.
Kuwonetsera tsamba la webusayiti kapena kutsimikizira tsamba lawebusayiti kumatanthauza kukopera tsamba la webusayiti. Kuwonetsera tsamba la webusayiti kumathandizira pakusakatula tsambalo popanda intaneti, kusaka tsambalo pazovuta, ndikupeza chidziwitso chofunikira.
Mawebusayiti amatha kusungira zikalata zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zomwe zimatha kukhala ndi chidziwitso chobisika ndi metadata yomwe imatha kusanthula ndikugwiritsa ntchito pakuwukira. Metadata iyi imatha kutulutsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zingapo zokuthandizira metadata komanso kuthandiza owukira kuti azitha kuwukira.
Zojambula pa intaneti zimatanthawuza njira yosonkhanitsira zidziwitso za netiwekiyo. Munthawi imeneyi, owukira amatenga zidziwitso zamtundu wa netiweki ndikugwiritsa ntchito zomwezo polemba ma netiweki a chandamale.
Ma netiweki amapatsa owukira kuzindikira momwe ma netiweki amapangidwira komanso makina ati a netiweki.
Nmap ndi chida chogwiritsa ntchito intaneti. Imagwiritsa ntchito mapaketi a IP osaphika kuti adziwe omwe ali pamaneti, ntchito zoperekedwa ndi omwe akukhala, makina omwe akugwiritsira ntchito, mitundu yozimitsira moto yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndi zina zofunika.
Zinthu za Nmap zimaphatikizapo kuthekera kosanthula ma netiweki akulu komanso kupanga ma netiweki.
Mapulogalamu a Traceroute amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza ma routers omwe ali panjira yopita kwa wolandirayo. Izi zimathandiza pochita zoyipa pakati-pakati ndi zina zowukira.
Traceroute imagwiritsa ntchito protocol ya ICMP ndi gawo la TTL pamutu wa IP kuti ipeze njira. Imalemba ma adilesi a IP ndi mayina a DNS a ma routers omwe amapezeka.
Zotsatira za traceroute zimathandizira owukira kuti asonkhanitse zidziwitso zamatekinoloje, ma routers odalirika, komanso malo ozimitsira moto. Atha kugwiritsa ntchito izi kupanga makanema ojambula ndikukonzekera ziwopsezo zawo.
Zina mwazinthu zotsutsana ndi izi ndi izi:
Malipoti ojambula ayenera kuphatikiza zambiri zamayeso omwe adachitidwa, njira zomwe agwiritsa ntchito, ndi zotsatira zamayeso. Iyeneranso kuphatikiza mndandanda wazovuta komanso momwe zingakonzedwere. Malipoti awa ayenera kusungidwa mwachinsinsi kwambiri, kuti asagwere m'manja olakwika.